Needs & Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Needs & Motivation - Essay Example say will discuss the Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory and how it is applied in Southwest according to the â€Å"People† section of 2011 Southwest One Report. Maslow was and industrial psychologist who studied human behavior. He said that human needs can be arranged in a hierarchy as individuals progress from the lower level to the higher level needs. Individuals would be motivated to fulfill whichever needs were important to them at a given time. These needs include self-actualization needs, Ego/esteem needs, socio-affiliation needs, safety/security needs, and physiological needs (Lauby 1). The Southwest satisfies the physiological needs of their employees by putting them first and offering them an opportunity to pursue good health. The need for safety and security is catered for by creating financial security for the employees. The socio-affiliation needs are taken care of by allowing employees to travel and socialize, have fun and stay connected. Making a positive difference caters for the ego and self-esteem needs of the employees. Self-actualization needs are met by allowing employees to learn and grow, create and innovate, and work hard to achieve their goals. The Southwest’s way, of motivating employees, is a good one and if I were one of its employees I would be positively motivated to work harder. I would work to achieve both personal and organizational goals. Putting employees first is a good way of

Madurai Essay Example for Free

Madurai Essay Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world with a recorded history from 3rd century BC. [3]Megasthenes visited Madurai during 3rd century BC, with the city referred as Methora in his accounts. [9] The view is contested by some scholars as they believe Methora refers to the north Indian city of Mathura as it was a large and established city in the Mauryan Empire. [15] The city is also mentioned in Kautilyas (370–283 BC)[16] Arthashastra. Madurai finds mention in the works of Roman historians Pliny the Younger (61 – ca. 12 CE), Ptolemy (ca. 90 – ca. CE 168), those of the Greek geographerStrabo(64/63 BCE – ca. 24 CE). and also in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea After the Sangam age, most of present day Tamil Nadu, including Madurai, came under the rule of the Kalabhras dynasty, who were ousted by the Pandyas around 590 CE. The Pandyas were outsted from Madurai by the Chola dynasty during the early 9th century. The city remained under control of the Cholas until the early 13th century, when the second Pandyan empire was established with Madurai as its capital. After the death of Kulasekara Pandian (1268–1308 CE), Madurai came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate. , The Madurai Sultanate, then seceded from Delhi functioned as an independent kingdom till its gradual annexation by the Vijayanagar Empire in 1378 CE. Madurai became independent from Vijayanagar in 1559 CE under the Nayaks. Nayak rule ended in 1736 CE and Madurai was repeatedly captured several times byChanda Sahib (1740 – 1754 CE), ArcotNawab and Muhammed Yusuf Khan (1725 – 1764 CE) in the middle of 18th century. In 1801, Madurai came under the direct control of the British East India Company and was annexed to the Madras Presidency. The British government made donations to the Meenakshi temple and participated in the Hindu festivals during the early part of their rule. The city was devolved as a political and industrial complex through the 19th and 20th centuries to become a district headquarters of a larger Madurai district. With the effect of urbanisation, the temple no longer retained the unitary form, but continued to remain the centre for Hindus. In 1837, under the order of the then collector John Blackburn, the fortifications around the temple were demolished to accommodate the growing population of the city. The moat was drained and the debris was used to construct the new streets – Veli, Marat and Perumaal Mesthiri streets. The city was constituted as a municipality in 1866 CE. The British government faced initial hiccups in land ceiling and tax collection in Madurai and Dindigul districts under the direct administration of the officers of the government. The district at large was resurveyed between 1880 and 1885 CE and settled between 1885 and 1893 CE. The survey showed an under assessment of around 8 per cent in the old survey. Five municipalities were constituted in these two districts and six taluk boards were derived for local administration. Police stations were established with Madurai city as the headquarters of the District Superintendent. It was in Madurai, in 1921, that Gandhi, pre-eminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India, adopted loin cloth for the first time as his mode of dress after seeing agricultural labourers wearing it. [29] The independence movement in Madurai was led by leaders such as N. M. R. Subbaraman and Mohammad Ismail Sahib.

Essay --

4.15 Addressing resistance It is important to gain employees support by keeping them well informed and involved during the change process. Piderit (2000) stated in a quote saying ‘’successful organizational adaptation is increasingly reliant on generating employee support and enthusiasm for proposed changes, rather than merely overcoming resistance’’. 56 M: ‘’I believe people should be informed as to the need for change and encouraged by senior management. Perhaps the promise of extra benefits or a pay rise once change has been successfully implemented would provide a degree of motivation’’. E1: ‘’Create open communication channels with employees in order to keep them informed about the process and to gain their support’’. The question asked about how resistance was addressed received mixed responses, the manager was seeking a motivational factor to encourage employees not resist in the shape of a pay rise, which is very logical, however the employee’s response was more about being informed in order to be supportive. Therefore what is required is to prepare employees for change, and this can be done via effective communication in the shape of seminars, newsletters, face-to-face meetings and other means. Some factors add to the fire of resistance rather than minimise it, a breakdown in communication channels or the communication of the wrong message is vital. Maintaining consistency of the message by ensuring the validity and reliability of the message is of particular importance to ensure that the correct message is delivered. CEO: ‘’Poor understanding caused by poor communication, communication is not briefing and telling people, communication is sending the message out, having it received and repeated back to you and you confirm... ...nderestimated, (ii) the benefits that could be achieved if it is done correctly and more importantly (iii) the problems that could be caused if you don’t address resistance to change’’. In response to my question about the lessons learnt, the three points highlight in a way or another, the importance of communication. To my understanding employee engagement in this context means the creation of a dialogue and opening of communication channels, delivering a message via the dialogue and ensuring that the message is repeated back to ensure validity of the message. The third point addresses and affirms that there could be obstacles that could surface if we don’t recognise the importance of addressing resistance to change. 60 Chapter 5: Discussions and Analysis of Findings "If you don’t like something, change it. If you can’t change it, change your attitude" Maya Angelou

Understanding Internet Taxation :: E-Commerce Web Sales Tax Essays

Understanding Internet Taxation Internet taxation means that there are taxes that are applied to things purchased on the internet and fees that are linked to Internet access. They call sales that are made over the internet â€Å"E-commerce†. This topic is very important because as the internet grows so does the taxes and the overall cost of doing business via the internet. If this issue goes out of control and things get too expensive the world isn’t going to want to pay the heavy fees to buy merchandise. The internet taxation problem came about in 1998 when the internet was just starting to warm up. Eventually, this topic of internet taxation is going to affect everybody either directly or through business or simply by trying to obtain internet access within their home.† In 1998, the federal government passed the Internet Tax Freedom Act as a part of the 1998 budget bill.† (House Research, 1998) Well, this was decided on in 1998 to have it be a tax free issue but that was only for three y ears. President Bill Clinton passes this bill right when the internet and e-commerce was taking off. (csg.org) all this bill did was make it so there wasn’t any tax for three years. It couldn’t have lasted forever. Now taxation on the internet has become an issue that is decided on from state to state. Only ten states in the country tax internet access in 1998. They are North Dakota, South Dakota, New Mexico, Texas, Iowa, Wisconsin, Tennessee, Vermont, West Virginia, and Delaware. (House Research 1998) The other remaining states either don’t have state tax in general or they do not tax internet access. In 1999, the committee of the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) had a meeting and decided to go ahead and have local taxation of telecommunications and e-commerce. They said that this was due to the need for it for it locally and because there was so many rapid changes with technology and the competitiveness of e-commerce that was developing. Now let’s fast forward to 2004. â€Å"On June 28th, Michigan became the 21st state to enact legislation to comply with the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement.† (See Figure 1)What the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement does is it â€Å"provides the states with a blueprint to create a simplified sal es and use tax collection system that removes the burden and cost from sellers and thus allows justification for Congress to overturn other decisions.

Importance of Marketing

An explanation of the importance of marketing to your selected organization’s success Marketing is a very important aspect in business since it contributes greatly to the success of the organization. Production and distribution depend largely on marketing. These two concepts are different in many aspects. Marketing covers advertising, promotions, public relations, and sales. It is the process of introducing and promoting the product or service into the market and encourages sales from the buying public. The goal of marketing is to make our product, Mango Power widely known and recognized to the market, marketers must be creative in their marketing activities. In this competitive nature of many businesses, getting Mango Power noticed is not that easy. Strategically, Pepsico must be centered on the customers more than the Mango Power products. Although good and quality products are also essential, the buying public still has their personal preferences. We will need to target more of their needs, they will come back again and again and even bring along recruits. If we push more on the product and disregard their wants and the benefits they can get, we will lose our customers in no time. The hardest part is getting them back. The only means to be made known is to advertise and promote. Pepsico may be spending on the advertising and promotional programs but the important thing is that Mango Power and Pepsico information is disseminated to the buying public. Offline and online marketing make it possible for the people to be educated with the various products and services that they can take advantage of. Pepsico must invest in marketing so as not to miss the opportunity of being discovered. If expense is to be considered, there are cost-effective marketing techniques Pepsico can embark on such as pay-per-click ads and blogging. Marketing helps boost sales and revenue growth. It will generate sales once the public learns about your Mango Power through TV advertisements, radio commercials, newspaper ads, online ads, and other forms of marketing. The more people hear and see more of our advertisements, the more they will be interested to buy. Pepsico aims to increase the sales percentage and double the production, the marketing department must be able to come up with effective and strategic marketing plans. Pepsico and Mango Power must have the ability to conquer the general market, marketers aim to create a brand name recognition or product recall. This is a technique for the consumers to easily associate the brand name with the images, logo, or caption that they hear and see in the advertisements. For example, McDonalds is known for its arch design which attracts people and identifies the image as McDonalds. For some companies, building a reputation to the public may take time but there are those who easily attract the people. With an established name in the industry, a business continues to grow and expand because more and more customers will purchase the products or take advantage of the services from a reputable company. In conclusion, marketing plays a very essential role in the success of a company. It educates people on the latest market trends, helps boost a company’s sales and profit, and develops company reputation. But marketers must be creative and wise enough to promote their products with the proper marketing tactics. Although marketing is important, if it is not conducted and researched well, the company might just be wasting on expenses and time on a failed marketing approach. References: Exforsys Inc. ,Published on: 6th Nov 2009 Last Updated on: 4th Jan 2011 PEPSICO 2010 Full Annual Report Importance of Marketing An explanation of the importance of marketing to your selected organization’s success Marketing is a very important aspect in business since it contributes greatly to the success of the organization. Production and distribution depend largely on marketing. These two concepts are different in many aspects. Marketing covers advertising, promotions, public relations, and sales. It is the process of introducing and promoting the product or service into the market and encourages sales from the buying public. The goal of marketing is to make our product, Mango Power widely known and recognized to the market, marketers must be creative in their marketing activities. In this competitive nature of many businesses, getting Mango Power noticed is not that easy. Strategically, Pepsico must be centered on the customers more than the Mango Power products. Although good and quality products are also essential, the buying public still has their personal preferences. We will need to target more of their needs, they will come back again and again and even bring along recruits. If we push more on the product and disregard their wants and the benefits they can get, we will lose our customers in no time. The hardest part is getting them back. The only means to be made known is to advertise and promote. Pepsico may be spending on the advertising and promotional programs but the important thing is that Mango Power and Pepsico information is disseminated to the buying public. Offline and online marketing make it possible for the people to be educated with the various products and services that they can take advantage of. Pepsico must invest in marketing so as not to miss the opportunity of being discovered. If expense is to be considered, there are cost-effective marketing techniques Pepsico can embark on such as pay-per-click ads and blogging. Marketing helps boost sales and revenue growth. It will generate sales once the public learns about your Mango Power through TV advertisements, radio commercials, newspaper ads, online ads, and other forms of marketing. The more people hear and see more of our advertisements, the more they will be interested to buy. Pepsico aims to increase the sales percentage and double the production, the marketing department must be able to come up with effective and strategic marketing plans. Pepsico and Mango Power must have the ability to conquer the general market, marketers aim to create a brand name recognition or product recall. This is a technique for the consumers to easily associate the brand name with the images, logo, or caption that they hear and see in the advertisements. For example, McDonalds is known for its arch design which attracts people and identifies the image as McDonalds. For some companies, building a reputation to the public may take time but there are those who easily attract the people. With an established name in the industry, a business continues to grow and expand because more and more customers will purchase the products or take advantage of the services from a reputable company. In conclusion, marketing plays a very essential role in the success of a company. It educates people on the latest market trends, helps boost a company’s sales and profit, and develops company reputation. But marketers must be creative and wise enough to promote their products with the proper marketing tactics. Although marketing is important, if it is not conducted and researched well, the company might just be wasting on expenses and time on a failed marketing approach. References: Exforsys Inc. ,Published on: 6th Nov 2009 Last Updated on: 4th Jan 2011 PEPSICO 2010 Full Annual Report

Weltys Petrified Man response. essays

Weltys Petrified Man response. essays Weltys Petrified Man response. Eudora Welty's "Petrified Man" admits the reader into the "woman's world" of the beauty shop. This is a place where a woman can sit down, relax, maximize her self-esteem without any effort, and catch up on the gossip around town. Regardless of the location, this exists everywhere. What makes Eudora Weltys play, Petrified Man so intriguing is her ability to define her views of a Mississippians personality as unintelligent and over concerned with unimportant events. Welty defines this through two female characters, Leota and Mrs. Fletcher who take part in the gossiping atmosphere of a beauty salon. Throughout the duration of the play, Leota and Mrs. Fletcher share stories of their lives and the lives of others with a southern dialect. Welty portrays the women as having poor intellectual level through their poor use of word choice and sentence structure. Weltys choice of choosing a relaxing, comfortable location to define a Mississippian as unintelligent is how her audience is able to see the full illustration of what Welty is trying to portray. Within the gossiping atmosphere of a beauty salon, Leota and Mrs. Fletcher talk amongst each other and overreact over unimportant events. Mrs. Fletcher, for example, gets upset over hearing the news that the town was beginning to hear about her pregnancy. This over reaction is significant to Weltys definition because what Mrs. Fletcher failed to realize is that she would begin to show within the next months, and everyone in the town would find out nevertheless. A low intellectual level and over reacting is what Welty accomplished through her definition of a Mississippians personality as seen is Petrified Man. ...

LEFEBVRE Surname Meaning and Family History

LEFEBVRE Surname Meaning and Family History A derivation of the French occupational name Fevre, which described an iron-worker or smith, Lefebvre derives from the Old French fevre, meaning craftsman. Similar French surnames include Fabre, Faivre, Faure, and Lefà ¨vre. Lefebvre  is the French equivalent of the English surname SMITH. Surname Origin: French Alternate Surname Spellings:  LEFEBVRES, LEFEVRES, FAVRES, FEBVRE, FEBVRES, FAVRE, LEFABRE, LEFABRES, LEFEVRE, LEFEUVRE, LEFEUBRE, FABER, LEFEBURE   Famous People with the LEFEBVRESurname Henri Lefebvre  - French Marxist philosopher and sociologistMarcel Franà §ois Marie Joseph  Lefebvre -  French Roman Catholic archbishopJames Kenneth Jim Lefebvre  - former MLB baseball player, manager and coach; television actorArthur Henry Lefebvre - British scientist and engineerRenà © Lefebvre - French factory owner; active in the French resistanceFranà §ois Joseph Lefebvre  - French marshal during the Napoleonic wars Where is the LEFEBVRESurname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, Lefebvre is one of the most common surnames in France, ranking as the 17th most frequently used surname in the country. It is also fairly common in other countries with at least a partial French-speaking population, including Canada, New Caledonia and Belgium. WorldNames PublicProfiler  tells us that Lefebvre is found  most commonly throughout northern France, especially in the departments of Eure, Seine-Maritime, Somme, Pas-de-Calais and Nord.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname LEFEBVRE Meanings of Common French SurnamesUncover the meaning of your French last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common French surnames. How to Research French AncestryIf you are one of those people who have avoided delving into your French ancestry due to fears that the research would be too difficult, then wait no more! France is a country with excellent genealogical records, and it is very likely that you will be able to trace your French roots back several generations once you understand how and where the records are kept. Lefebvre  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Lefebvre  family crest or coat of arms for the Lefebvre surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. LEFEBVRE  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Lefebvre  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - LEFEBVRE  GenealogyExplore over 500,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Lefebvre  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. LEFEBVRE  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Lefebvre  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - LEFEBVRE  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Lefebvre. GeneaNet - Lefebvre  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Lefebvre  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Lefebvre  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Lefebvre  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Impact of Heart Disease essays

Impact of Heart Disease essays There are many types of heart disease. About 25% of all Americans have one or more types of cardiovascular disease. The major types of heart disease are atherosclerosis, coronary, rheumatic, congenital, myocarditis, angina and arrhythmia. Heart disease can arise from congenital defects, infection, narrowing of the coronary arteries, high blood pressure, or disturbances. The first stages of heart disease are lesions and cracks forming in the blood vessel walls normally at the points of highest pressure or stress (near the heart). The second stage is the body trying to repair itself by depositing fatty substances (cholesterol, lipoproteins) inside the blood vessels to fill the cracks. Over time, without the proper body nutrient, vitamin C, to help keep the blood vessel walls from cracking and requiring constant repair, these fatty substances can begin to build up and clog the blood vessels causing stroke and heart attack (Mamas Health, no date) There are a number of factors that increase the risk that someone will suffer from cardio vascular disease (CVD). These include: age, smoking, gender, being overweight, heredity/race, physical inactivity, abnormal blood fat (lipid) levels, eating an unhealthy diet, high blood pressure, drinking too much alcohol, diabetes, and leading a stressful life. The risk factors add together to increase your risk of CVD the greater the number of risk factors that you have, the greater your risk of having CVD. Some risk factors can be modified, while others cannot. While you cannot control risk factors such as your age, gender and heredity, for example, you can modify other risk factors, such as your weight and activity levels. Doing something about the risk factors that you can change will reduce the impact of the ones that you cannot change. You may need medicines to help you to control some risk factors (e.g. blood pressure, diabetes). ...

Project Exploring the 1960's Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project Exploring the 1960's - Research Paper Example All the events from the past have some certain lessons that can be utilized to attain courage, responsibility, respect, etc. The history of the world is full with such events. Such events are considered important in the history of mankind due to certain aspects of the events. 1960s is the age of the beginning of the industrial revolution, decade of social events and political revolution (Teachers, 2012). In the same period, different forms of music and art also developed. Some companies merged and some bigger companies split and made their own names in the different markets. Mass production of passenger vehicles for non military purposes started in 1960s. Thus, 1960 has the major influence on humans and world’s history. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to reach the space. He belonged to Russian Federation (Teachers, 2012). The event of the launch of the man into the space is one of the most dominating incidents in the history of the world. It depicts if a person wants somethi ng, he can achieve through hard work and utilization of intelligence. The mentioned event influenced me to achieve my goals and gave me courage to understand and develop my ideas and adopt the ways associating with the event of Yuri Gagarin reaching the space (Teachers, 2012). Social work is my passion and I love to work for the kids and families, particularly the families that lack the economic as well as parental support. The particular event of the Yuri Gagarin going into the space for the very first time is the event I have always remembered when performing any task or diverting my thoughts towards any task. The thought of the events gives me courage as the event depicts the courage of a man and the intelligence of the many people and several researches that made it possible to launch the flight with fist man into the space (Teachers, 2012). The major lessons, we gain from the event, are unity, courage, self-confidence, hard-work, and willingness to achieve the goals. I have thr ee adorable kids and during my life span, I learnt from that event how to handle the situation and how to work effectively and efficiently. If the event of ‘flight of first man into the space’ did not happened in the past, I think my life would not been such that. All my decisions and thought depended on the corresponding event. I think any other event has not such capability to be the lesson taking event of my life. My decisions and my goals are represented by my thoughts and all my thoughts are depicted through the corresponding event. The most important aspect of taking account of the corresponding event is the way to lead the life. I think that the world to me at that time would be different in many aspects if the event of first flight into space did not happen in the past. My goals would have been different from the current, I will not prefer to be the social worker and work for the kids, or most unimaginative thought I have is that, I would not be able to recogniz e myself and my personal skills. Most of the events have either positive or negative impacts on the human life. The event I discussed above has only positive impact on my life. I think that if the above mentioned event would not happened in the past, I would have developed my ideas depending on any other event and the event may have negative impact on me

Visual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual Analysis - Essay Example In light of the above, a piece of art for consideration would be the picture depicting passengers of the S.S. Pennland on deck. The picture shows that most of the persons on the ship are young women. The woman on the foreground is leaning on her arm, possibly showing her state of fatigue. Most of the other people around are having a nap, most probably enhancing the theme of fatigue throughout the journey. Moreover, they have wrapped themselves with blankets and wearing heavy clothing. Most of the people in the picture have a cap or something to cover their heads, with the exception of the woman at the forefront. Despite this, she too has covered herself well with coverings visible from her neck and extending well over her feet. This most probably gives the impression that they experienced adverse weather conditions throughout the journey and the cold was taking toll on them. Somewhere along the mid-deck of the ship, there are visible huge reels of rope, but they do not have ropes on them. This most probably translates to the fact that probably most of the ship’s sails were fully hoisted and it probably still had a long way to go. The background of the picture shows a couple of men. While some of them are looking out into the sea, an atypical man is gazing to the side from which the photo was most probably taken. These men are likely to be part of the ship’s crew. They may be on their daily routine of checking out the situation in the sea and the condition of their passengers. The presumption that they could be part of the ship’s crew relies on their general look portrays the aspect that they do not look as fatigued as the rest of the people on the deck. On the first glance of the photo, one thing that suddenly strikes is the manner in which passengers look sprawled on the deck of the ship. The manner in which they are travelling depicts that of a journey not so well planned. The deck lacks no visible seating apparatus and the passengers are generally trying to fit themselves into any comfortable spot they find. A majority of them are sitting or lying on the latch covering the under the deck partitions of the ship. This is most likely the more comfortable place on the deck. The state of the passengers on the deck show that they are completely exhausted and are longing for the ship to dock at their destination. From this, and the fact that the photo certainly dates back to the early 20th century, suffice to conclude that travelling by ship during the earlier days of sea travel was a harrowing experience that could only be endured by the strong-hearted. Cohen’s article uses seven theses on monsters to try to discern a culture depending on the monster that most aptly describes it. From this, an assortment of monsters described distinguishes each other by various features (Cohen 121). Thesis VI on the monster being a kind of desire raises the claim that the activities that do not raise levels of satisfaction or are not endorsed by society are more attracting to the cultures. That the monster arouses the desires of the body to being frightened and this is eased by the thought of relief after the harrowing experience. This raises a complication as it supposes that the body is thrilled and enjoys the effects of an experience that frightens it (Cohen 231). This despite the fact that the body actually yearns for life’

Advanced human resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advanced human resource - Essay Example In 2014, Toyota has a net capital of 397.05 billion yen and it has 338,875 employees operating for accomplishing the organisational objectives (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2015). Toyota has been operating with highest market share in the world in the present day context. The company is also identified to be one of the largest companies in terms of revenue. Human Resource Department of the company has been identified to be facing Human Resource (HR) issues, which has been adversely affecting the operations of the business to a certain extent. For a company, human resource is ascertaining to be the main asset to develop and grow, as human resource facilitates in performing operations in accordance with organisational objective (Ekshan & Othman, 2009). The three HR issues faced by the company include training, negative behaviour, and employee engagement and commitment (Austenfeld, 2006). For making the employee perfect and efficient, effective training is needed to be provided, so that the employees are able to perform their tasks effectively and efficiently for accomplishing organisational objectives. Providing better training to the employees of the company helps in building up the right skills and knowledge of the subsequent products that are to be offered for meeting the preferences of the customers. Training is an important aspect for motivating as well as developing the competency of the employees, so that the employees are able to perform their operations on the basis of organisational needs. The objective of training involves mostly acquisition of knowledge needed for the staff to perform their function in a better way (Dyer, 2008). Negative behaviour in the organisation could affect the growth of the company. In addition, it affects the productivity and profitability of the organisation. In the organisation, the employees develop negative behaviour at the time

Subjetivity Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Subjetivity - Personal Statement Example The situation from my perspective is that the student feels that he is doing the wrong thing practicing truancy. Therefore, he torn between two options, whether to run away or got back to class. After weighing the two options, the student feels that he is being unfair to himself by running away. The punishment he may have to do away with when the teacher finds about the situation or even his parents may can be severe. Therefore, the student decides to go back to class, join the others, and continue learning. The factor that influences subjective experiences in the first case is personal consideration. However, in judging from another person’s perspective in the second case, it is clear that personal opinion about what may be a reality plays a fundamental role. According to Solomon & Barney (2008), perspectives differ from one person to another. Therefore, from the experience, judgmental views depend on the conscience of a person at the time of making

Online flower ordering system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Online flower ordering system - Essay Example Our vision is to become the leading florist in the locality. We seek to be the most sought after company amongst the local people for delivering flowers reliably. We value the satisfaction of our customers and aim at being part of their memorable moments in life. Our mission is to be a company whose delivery services the local people can reach and use easily and be satisfied with. We seek to provide a good quality, easily accessible, highly reliable, fresh flowers delivery solution to the local people. Our company has successfully been providing flower delivery services to the local area people. The people can place orders in two ways. They can choose to come directly to the shop, check the rates, personally select the flowers and make the payment in advance, provide the recipient’s address, set delivery date and time and thus place a delivery order. They can also choose the flowers and place a delivery order over the phone. The payment can be made through a credit card or by hand. In case of credit card the required details are provided to the sales representative along with the recipient’s address. In case of opting to pay by hand by a customer on phone, the representative of the shop notes down the address of the customer, and then collects the payment from the customer from his doorstep. Since, use of Internet has increased enormously in the area; therefore, it was thought of to make the delivery service of the company accessible over the Internet as well. Currently there is no other company that offers such an online facility, so our company would be the pioneer in introducing the idea in the area. This would contribute in not only increasing the number of satisfied customers but also raise the company’s revenue. Additionally, in case of any renowned event approaching and some special flowers have been arranged for the event, advertisements can be spread easily over the Internet through the customer’s email addresses. The complete setup for delivering flowers is already in place. So incorporating an online sales end would not affect the overall system structure and process. 3. Department and Structure The company runs a completely working flower delivery system. The overall organization comprises of four departments; Figure 1 Organization Structure Sal es: Handles the placement of orders and receipt of payments. Production: Handles for arranging the required flowers. In case, some particular flowers are not in stock, the department can also purchase the requested flowers. Finance: Handles the purchase and investment on flowers, the revenue acquired per day, the fuel consumption and employees pays. Delivery: Handles the delivery of flowers to relevant recipients. It deals with the personnel, their conveyance and routes issues. Every department has a manager who handles the overall working of the related department. The online system shall be introduced as part of the existing sales department. The online system would serve as an additional means of gathering customers through online placement of orders. 4. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Well defined divisions of the departmental activities. Easy incorporation to the existing setup of the organization. Weaknesses: Training of the sales staff would be required to use the web interface. Har dware and software would be required to run the website and access it. Investment would be required for website development and hosting. Opportunities: Absence of a similar online flower delivery service in the

Subjetivity Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Subjetivity - Personal Statement Example The situation from my perspective is that the student feels that he is doing the wrong thing practicing truancy. Therefore, he torn between two options, whether to run away or got back to class. After weighing the two options, the student feels that he is being unfair to himself by running away. The punishment he may have to do away with when the teacher finds about the situation or even his parents may can be severe. Therefore, the student decides to go back to class, join the others, and continue learning. The factor that influences subjective experiences in the first case is personal consideration. However, in judging from another person’s perspective in the second case, it is clear that personal opinion about what may be a reality plays a fundamental role. According to Solomon & Barney (2008), perspectives differ from one person to another. Therefore, from the experience, judgmental views depend on the conscience of a person at the time of making

Methodology and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Methodology and Analysis - Essay Example In effect, the researcher employed the use of comprehensive literature review to serve the purpose of qualitative data collection. For the quantitative method, the researcher made use of primary data collection, which required the collection of first hand data from an identified research setting. The research setting comprised the IT systems development environment where the researcher made use of IT students, IT engineers, IT employees, and other IT experts. The primary data collection took place by designing a questionnaire, which contained questions on various thematic areas, relating to the purpose of the study. There were two major components of the questionnaire. The first sought to collect general background data or information on the respondents. Examples of these had to do with their nationality, years of experience in the field of IT and their role in software system. The second part contained questions on the actual hypotheses that the researcher was testing. ... This means that when repeated with the same variables, the research must produce the same results within different locations or settings. Now, with the combination of questionnaire and literature review, the researcher was offered the opportunity of testing the results gathered through primary data collection with data from secondary sources. In effect, it was possible to internally check for consistency of responses and how they conformed to universally accepted standards. With the questionnaire as an independent data collection tool, the advantage that it offered the researcher was that it made quantitative data analysis very easy. This is because almost all the questions posed were closed ended questions, requiring the respondents to select their answers from given options (Kimberly, 2009). This way, it was possible to easily quantify the answers into mathematical indexes. What is more, the literature review was very useful in collecting highly authenticated data because options o f researchers were compared and contrasted with each other before making personalized conclusions to suit the research problem. 3.3 Shortfalls of other available Research Methods Apart from the use of literature review and questionnaire, there are other research methodologies that the researcher could employ in the data collection process. However, these were not selected because they do not pose merits and advantages that surpassed the ones that the questionnaire and literature review offered. Two of these research methodologies that the researcher could fall on are interview and field observation. An interview is a question and answer session that a

Impact of Financial Crisis on International Trade Essay Example for Free

Impact of Financial Crisis on International Trade Essay The work described in this paper was substantially supported by a grant from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project no. HKUST6212/00H). 253 254 Zihui Ma and Leonard K. Cheng Forbes (2001) went further to construct some statistics measuring the importance of trade linkages in transmitting crises. Because most economists agree that international trade is one of the important factors in explaining ? nancial crises, it seems natural and logical to ask the reverse question: what are the e? ects of ? nancial crises on international trade? Surprisingly, little research on this subject has been done. Perhaps the reason is that the answer appears to be obvious. Conventional wisdom would predict that a ? nancial crisis, by bringing about a recession in the macroeconomy, would lead to a drop in imports. Exports, however, may rise because of both a decline in domestic demand and a devaluation of the domestic currency. A weakening or collapse of the ? nancial system, in particular the banking system, however, might weaken the country’s export capability. So the aggregate e? ects of a ? nancial crisis on the macroeconomy are unclear. This paper tries to ascertain whether the ambiguity can be resolved empirically. We divide all the past ? nancial crises into two types: banking crises and currency crises. These two di? erent types of crises had di? erent attributes and di? erent e? ects on international trade. This paper begins by analyzing theoretically the e? ects of banking and currency crises on international trade. Then it uses bilateral trade data, macroeconomic data, and geographic data to test the theoretical predictions. Overall, the empirical results provide support for the theoretical predictions. This paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it provides a theoretical framework for understanding the impact of ? nancial crises on international trade and the channels of crises transmission through trade. Second, it estimates the e? ects of banking crises and currency crises on imports and exports. The estimated results can be used to predict the impact of ? nancial crises on trade, thus providing useful information for risk management to policymakers. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 8. 2 reviews previous works on the relationship between international trade and ? ancial crisis. Sections 8. 3 and 8. 4 analyze the e? ects of banking crises and of currency crises on trade, respectively. Section 8. 5 describes the data and methods used to estimate the e? ects of these crises. Section 8. 6 reports the results of empirical estimation and statistical testing. Section 8. 7 concludes. 8. 2 Literature Review: Trade and Financial Crises Economists pay attention to the role played by trade in ? nancial crises for two reasons. First, trade imbalance has been shown to be one of the important factors that trigger ? nancial crises. Current de? cits may decrease foreign reserves. As Krugman (1979) pointed out, a currency crisis is more likely to happen in an economy that does not have enough foreign reserves. The E? ects of Financial Crises on International Trade 255 Second, ? nancial crises may be transmitted through trade linkages from an a? ected country to others despite the latter’s relatively good fundamentals. In explaining such contagion e? ects, economists have tried to identify the channels through which contagion was spread. As trade is the most obvious economic linkage between countries, much research has been devoted to this connection. While the importance of trade imbalance in triggering crises is widely accepted, there is no agreement on the importance of trade in transmitting ? nancial crises. Eichengreen and Rose (1999) used a binary-probit model to test whether bilateral trade linkages transmitted crises between industrial countries between 1959 and 1993. They found that the probability of a ? nancial crisis occurring in a country increased signi? cantly if the country had high bilateral trade linkages with countries in crises. They concluded that trade was an important factor. Glick and Rose (1999) conducted a similar analysis with more countries between 1971 and 1997 and obtained a similar result. Forbes (2000) used a company’s stock market data to study the importance of trade in ? nancial crises transmission, and his result also showed that trade played an important role. However, other papers have provided di? erent answers to the problem. For instance, Baig and Goldfajn (1998) thought that trade linkage was unimportant in the East Asian Crisis because the direct bilateral trade volumes between these economies were very small. Masson (1998), analyzing the Mexican crisis and the Asian crisis, obtained similar results. All the papers that analyzed the relationship between trade and ? nancial crises ignored the reverse question: how did ? nancial crises a? ect international trade? We argue that the e? ects of ? nancial crises on trade are a precondition for discussing whether trade transmits crises. If ? nancial crises do not a? ect countries’ imports and exports at all, how can ? nancial crises be transmitted through the trade channel? So before we analyze the importance of trade in transmitting ? ancial crises, we need to clarify the e? ects of ? nancial crises on international trade. As pointed out previously, little work has been done on this topic to date. It seems there is a belief that ? nancial crises only a? ect countries’ imports and exports through changes in the exchange rates. Because the e? ects of exchange rates have already been thoroughly analyzed before, it may seem that there is no need to study the question. However, this view may not be correct. A devaluation of a national currency will increase the volume of exports and reduce the volume of imports. Classic international trade theory shows that a devaluation improves the trade balance if the Marshall-Lerner condition is satis? ed. Because in a ? nancial crisis a country usually experienced a devaluation of its national currency, the same analysis would apply, that is, the a? ected countries’ imports will decrease, but their exports will increase after the crises. Furthermore, ? nancial crises (including currency crises, banking crises, 256 Zihui Ma and Leonard K. Cheng or both) could also a? ect trade through channels besides the exchange rate. Calvo and Reinhart (1999) pointed out that ? nancial crises usually caused capital account reversal (sudden stop) and triggered an economic recession. Mendoza (2001) showed that in an economy with imperfect credit markets these sudden stops could be an equilibrium outcome. The economic recession reduces not only domestic demand but also total output and export capability, whereas capital out? ow forces the country to increase export. Thus, whether exports increase or decrease after ? nancial crises is unclear without further analysis. Before we analyze how ? nancial crises a? ct the crisis countries’ imports and exports, let us ? rst de? ne ? nancial crises. Eichengreen and Bordo (2002) have provided de? nitions of currency crises and banking crises: For an episode to qualify as a currency crisis, we must observe a forced change in parity, abandonment of a pegged exchange rate, or an international rescue. For an episode to qualify as a banking crisis, we must observe either ba nk runs, widespread bank failures and suspension of convertibility of deposits into currency such that the latter circulates at a premium relative to deposits (a banking panic), or signi? ant banking sector problems (including but not limited to bank failures) resulting in the erosion of most or all of banking system collateral that are resolved by a ? scally-underwritten bank restructuring. (15–16) The above de? nitions are adopted in this paper. In the next two sections, we analyze the e? ects of banking crises and currency crises on the macroeconomy and trade. 8. 3 Impact of Banking Crises A classical framework of bank runs was developed by Diamond and Dybvig (1983). Let us recapitulate the key elements of their model. Agents are endowed with goods that can be invested in a long-term project or stored without costs. The long-term project is pro? table but illiquid, that is, if investors do not liquidate the project before it matures, its return is greater than the initial investment; however, if the project is liquidated before it matures, the ? re-sale return is less than the initial investment. Each agent can be impatient or patient with ? xed probabilities, but there is no aggregate uncertainty, that is, the total number of impatient agents is ? xed and known by all agents. At the beginning, agents do not know their own types but must decide if they will invest in the project. After they have invested (or have decided not to invest), but before the project matures, each agent realizes his or her own type. Impatient agents must consume immediately, whereas patient agents do not consume anything until the project matures. Agents’ types are private information, so even if each agent knows his or her own type, other people do not know. The E? ects of Financial Crises on International Trade 257 On the one hand, if an agent does not invest in the project but turns out to be patient, then the agent has missed a pro? table investment opportunity.

Working Memory Capacity in Generalized Social Phobia

Working Memory Capacity in Generalized Social Phobia Nader Amir and Jessica Bomyea INTRODUCTION According to DSM-5TM (2013), Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) is a †Marked fear of one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.† Also they fear they will be judged negatively which might result being humiliated or face rejection to one (Comer, 2010). According to the report on working memory capacity the availability of cognitive resources depend on social cues and these cognitive abilities have a significant impact on people with social phobia. However, very few studies have been conducted so far regarding working memory and social phobia (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). It has been found in many studies that people suffering from social anxiety disorder has maladaptive cognitive assumptions which presumably results of worsening the symptoms associated with this disorder. This cognitive process can be without conscious effort and the availability of the cognitive resources can prevent the illogical thought processes which might arise if the mental resources are low. These executive control processes is referred as processes that are related to cognitive functions (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). It has been also found that people with social anxiety disorder has problems with attention thus it can hurt the performance of cognitive tasks. This has been proven in verbal reasoning, spatial reasoning and many other studies which were done on the purpose of proving that anxiety has an impact on the central processes. This is due to the fact that the anxious person has to focus on many other tasks rather than the main purpose and waste its mental resources without b eing effectively used. For instance, as the client has social phobia will evaluate oneself negatively on something that was stored on autobiographic memory. This wasting of cognitive resources in perceiving oneself in negative situations like this can affect the performance of working memory of an anxious person compared to a non-anxious person thus doing poor on tasks that requires cognition. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). This research was done in order to assess the impact on working memory capacity performance with neutral and social threat stimuli, among clients who have been clinically labeled with generalized social phobia. This was the first study done to compare WMC with neutral and threat stimuli on anxious individuals and these individuals use bottom-up information processing which enables them to be caught up in threat related stimuli. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Therefore, they proposed the hypothesis as; Ho: individuals with generalized social phobia show a greater WMC performance when exposed to a threat related stimuli than a neutral stimuli. H1: individuals who are non-anxious shows a greater WMC performance when exposed to a neutral stimuli than a threat related stimuli Method Participants There were 36 individuals in experimental group and 35 in the control group. In the experimental group patients are chosen with regard to the criteria mentioned in Diagnostic Statistical Manual ( DSM-IV) which includes taking a Structured Clinical Interview(SCID) as well as getting a score above 60 on Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Those who met the criterion were also in an ongoing treatment by the Center for Understanding and Treating Anxiety at San Diego state university. Among the 36 interviews which was videotaped, 20% percent was randomly rated by an independent clinician and got an interrater score of k=0.89 which increases the reliability of the selection procedure. As for the control group with non- anxious 35 individuals selected from the community had to undergo SCID screening aided by a clinic staff to check whether they met any past or present criteria’s of the disorder. Moreover they had to have a score that didn’t exceed beyond 29 on self-report version of LSIS. In this experiment all participants $20 for their collaboration. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Materials and Procedure This experiment was conducted empirically and the data was collected for a quantitative study although it was done by means of electronic media. This assessment was done by a computer based OSPAN (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). In which Operations Span paradigm (OSPAN) the members are supposed to recall words in a succession at the same time performing simple math problems. While keeping each participant in about a distance of 30cm from the computer screen, a fixation (+) at the center was shown for 500ms and then shows a blank screen for 500ms and finally shows a solved mathematics problem preceded by a word for 800ms.the math equation can be for example 2+3=4, which are researched to be used in WMC tasks. Once the decision is made the participant presses the right key on the mouse and then continues this same procedure for 2-6 times. Once this is done for2- 6 times the participants has to recall the order of the words which are shown on a screen and which were shown during the process. Words like â€Å"chair† which is neutral and â€Å"stupid† which is socially threatening were shows to study the effect of neutral and threat words on WMC span. Along with the words extra words are used as distractions on the screen during the 20 trials each participant finished. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Before the start of the experiment each participant was allowed to sign a consent form and do a LSAS( by the anxious) and LSAS-SR(by the non-anxious) tests with similar psychometric value. The participants were given a trial round before the real experiment and advised to remember the words and do as fast as possible while doing the math problems at the same time. The words used during the practice rounds were not included in the experimental sessions as part of accuracy. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Results Self-Report Measures At the end of the 20 sessions the group with generalized social phobia was reduced to 32 participants with the elimination of 3 participants due to lack of math accuracy below 85% and one participant having a math solving capacity three times higher than the mean standard deviation. Also the non-anxious group was reduced to 30 after elimination of 5 due to low math scores. However, the groups didn’t differ that much in age and education. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Math Reaction Times In this study participants were removed due to low math performance or too high performance which is consistent with other studies done earlier. The reaction times was calculated as a median value which shows that bot the generalized anxiety group and non-anxious group had close results when solving problems with social threat, t(60)=1.10,p=.28 or neutral words, t=(60)=1.60,p=.11. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Working Memory Span Scores WMC scores were calculated by the partial-credit load scoring where each participant gets one point for a word in its correct order in the list. The figure 1 below shows the comparison of means and standard error bars in both groups. The results obtained are consistent with the results from prior research. The results were also put into mixed design analysis of ANOVA with anxious, non-anxious, social threat and neutral as 2Ãâ€"2 designs. This test showed the interaction among the Group and Word type was significant. To add more value t tests was done which showed the worst WMC in GSP and NAC when neutral words are compared. Comparing non-anxious with two word types it doesn’t show much difference unlike the generalized social phobia group who recalled threat words by, t(31) = 2.30, p=.028. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Figure 1. Working memory capacity scores for generalized social phobia(GSP) and non-anxious control(NAC) groups. Discussion Results prove that non-anxious group did great when remembering neutral information. Also the generalized social phobia group was better at remembering threat related than neutral stimuli. This support the idea that anxious people are worse at recalling neutral information and thus support that their inability to maintain attention on one task leads to wasting of cognitive resources thus, doing bad at tasks. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Limitations This study itself has its own limitations including the idea the participants in GSP were more depressed than anxious, this hinders the understanding of anxiety on the results. This may be why they GSP group did much better on recalling social threats. Furthermore, they are unable to compare people with different levels of anxiety with the type of stimulus. The study also was not able to represent an entire population of people suffering generalized social phobia as the sample size is not representative plus the elimination of members from each group reduced its population size. . (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Suggestion for future research In future they could compare patients suffering from various stages of generalized social phobia to explain the extent of anxious nature can impact on the working memory performance (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Also they could select a sample that represents the population and has equal number of participants in both groups to improve accuracy. Moreover, in this study 72% of GSP and 50% NAC group represent female population which makes it unable to compare among the genders. So if the experiments can be conducted on genders we could understand how this anxious nature can have an impact on women and men that are equivalent in severity of the disorder to understand how powerful cognitive resources in both genders. This can also enable to assess the amount of damage that generalized social phobia can act on the cognitive resources in both genders WMC when a stimulus is a neutral one. This may in turn help to give proper attention to the people suffering from generalized social phobia and may recover easier with proper care for the individuals. Moreover, they could conduct experiment again with the DSM-5 criteria since it’s a recent version compared to DSM-IV text revised edition. References Amir, N., Bomyea, J. (2011). Working memory capacity in generalized social phobia.Journal Of Abnormal Psychology,120(2), 504-509. doi:10.1037/a0022849 APA (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition; DSM-5). Comer, R. J. (2010). Abnormal Psychology (7th Edition). New York: Worth Publishers.

Antonio Vivaldis Biography :: essays research papers

Antonio Vivaldi was born in Venice on March 4th, 1678. Though ordained a priest in 1703, according to his own account, within a year of being ordained Vivaldi no longer wished to celebrate mass because of physical complaints ("tightness of the chest") which pointed to angina pectoris, asthmatic bronchitis, or a nervous disorder. It is also possible that Vivaldi was simulating illness - there is a story that he sometimes left the altar in order to quickly jot down a musical idea in the sacristy.... In any event he had become a priest against his own will, perhaps because in his day training for the priesthood was often the only possible way for a poor family to obtain free schooling. Though he wrote many fine and memorable concertos, such as the Four Seasons and the Opus 3 for example, he also wrote many works which sound like five-finger exercises for students. And this is precisely what they were. Vivaldi was employed for most of his working life by the Ospedale della Pietà  . Often termed an "orphanage", this Ospedale was in fact a home for the female offspring of noblemen and their numerous dalliances with their mistresses. The Ospedale was thus well endowed by the "anonymous" fathers; its furnishings bordered on the opulent, the young ladies were well looked-after, and the musical standards among the highest in Venice. Many of Vivaldi's concerti were indeed exercises which he would play with his many talented pupils. Vivaldi's relationship with the Ospedale began right after his ordination in 1703, when he was named as violin teacher there. Until 1709, Vivaldi's appointment was renewed every year and again after 1711. Between 1709 and 1711 Vivaldi was not attached to the Ospedale. Perhaps in this period he was already working for the Teatro Sant' Angelo, an opera theater. He also remained active as a composer - in 1711 twelve concertos he had written were published in Amsterdam by the music publisher Estienne Roger under the title l'Estro armonico (Harmonic Inspiration). In 1713, Vivaldi was given a month's leave from the Ospedale della Pietà   in order to stage his first opera, Ottone in villa, in Vicenza. In the 1713-4 season he was once again attached to the Teatro Sant' Angelo, where he produced an opera by the composer Giovanni Alberto Rostori (1692-1753). As far as his theatrical activities were concerned, the end of 1716 was a high point for Vivaldi.

Booker T. Washington :: essays research papers

I’m Booker T Washington In 1881, I founded and became principal of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. I started this school in an old abandoned church and a shanty. The school's name was later changed to Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University). The school taught specific trades, such as carpentry, farming, and mechanics, and trained teachers. As it expanded, I spent much of his time raising funds. Under Washington's leadership, the institute became famous as a model of industrial education. The Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, established in 1974, includes Washington's home, student-made college buildings, and the George Washington Carver Museum. I believe that blacks could benefit more from a practical, vocational education rather than a college education. Most blacks lived in poverty in the rural South, and I felt they should learn skills, work hard, and acquire property. I believed that the development of work skills would lead to economic prosperity. I predicted that blacks would be granted civil and political rights after gaining a strong economic foundation. I explained his theories in Up from Slavery and in other publications. In the late 1800's, more and more blacks became victims of lynchings and Jim Crow laws that segregated blacks. To reduce racial conflicts, I advised blacks to stop demanding equal rights and to simply get along with whites. I urged whites to give black better jobs. In a speech given in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1895, I declared: "In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." This speech was often called the Atlanta Compromise because I accepted inequality and segregation for blacks in exchange for economic advancement. The speech was widely quoted in newspapers and helped make me a prominent national figure and black spokesman. I became a shrewd political leader and advised not only Presidents, but also members of Congress and governors, on political appointments for blacks and sympathetic whites. I urged wealthy people to contribute to various black organizations. I also owned or financially supported many black newspapers. In 1900, I had founded the National Negro Business League to help black business firms. Throughout my life, I tried to please whites in both the North and the South through his public actions and his speeches. I never publicly supported black political causes that were unpopular with Southern whites.

Ethics of Teachers Essay

Teachers are ultimately viewed as â€Å"perfect† in the eyes of their students; therefore, their demeanor should exemplify a high standard of ethical reasoning and protocol. Teachers are part of the educational world and should not participate in unethical behaviors which may deter the method of analyzing and reasoning of students. The personality of teachers is crucial when they may impact the future career goals and educational path of their students. Although teachers may not be significantly aware, they are held to high standards by their students and they are extremely important individuals that may impact the foundation of a student’s educational success. The positive behavior that teachers vibe to their students impact their motivational trends which promotes them to excel. However, often times teachers may display negative emotions that may detour a student’s path and leave them feeling unworthy, unappreciated, and the desire to give up on their future goals. Students spend the majority of their life in the classroom, which concludes that the overall organizational culture and ethics that teachers exemplify in the classroom will ultimately affect the mindset of students. The focus of this paper will be to compare and contrast the overall culture in the classroom of students surrounded by positive and negative teachers. I will explicitly outline the factors that will cause a student to excel or fail due to the organizational culture that is embedded within them. I will further conclude the paper by implying that teachers are more important than the subject courses they may teach, but are the educational leaders that have a significant impact on the lives of their students. Introduction: The interaction between teachers and students is critical to produce high-level student learning and achievement. The teaching styles of teachers may be related to moral management; they display respect and fairness in their teaching environment. In relation to Stakeholders, teachers may be viewed as a key stakeholder in the field of education since they are the primary key holders that lay the foundation of the future of the students. In order for teachers to effectively influence their students in positive directions, they will have to demonstrate strong ethical values. Being an individual of high ethical values, two basic questions are involved, â€Å"What is the right thing to do and why should you do the right thing? † (Bowie and Schneider, 2011). Teachers have the moral obligation to maintain their character to a higher standard in the presence of their students. The teacher as a stakeholder is expected to possess the professional knowledge to lead the students in instruction. However, It is challenging for teachers to transform the culture and have a positive view in the eyes of their students without parental support. Parents are the educational stakeholders that provide parental guidance for the students and the support for the teachers Literature Review: The empowerment of teachers will facilitate the empowerment of students† (Short and Greer, 2002). As educators, teachers have to embrace the ethical standards that enjoin virtues of honesty, compassion, and loyalty. â€Å"And, ethical standards include standards relating to rights, such as the right to life, the right to freedom from injury, and the right to privacy. Such standards are adequate standards of ethics because they are supported by consistent and well-f ounded reasons† (Bowie and Schneider, 2011). Teacher have to continuously be involved in the moral beliefs and conducts and strive to ensure that they shape the future of their student’s lives under a solid foundation of ethnicity. Relating to the Domains of Human Activities, teachers may relate to the triads of Moulton’s continuum into the categories of Positive Law (Codified Ethics Regulation), Ethics (implementation of moral values, requiring integrity and practice, and Free Choice (liberty, allowing creativity, self-realization and license). Positive Law would refer to the Code of Ethics have to abide by to ensure equality to their profession of teaching. The professional educator accepts personal responsibility for teaching students character qualities that will help them evaluate the consequences of and accept the responsibility for their actions and choices (Campbell, 2006). † All teachers have a Code of Ethics that they are morally responsible for upholding. The foundation to the success of teachers is their ethical and moral reasoning that is their guide of â€Å"doing what is right† in their classroom and teachers with high integrity respect the values of their Code of Ethics. The National Education Association (NEA) has created a code of ethics for the different needs of the teaching profession, which are: ? Access to varying points of view ?Do not distort subject matter ?Protect students from harm ?Do not embarrass or disparage ?Do not discriminate ?Do not use professional relationship for private advantage ? Do not disclose confidential information Teachers of high integrity, have an intrinsic awareness between ethical and moral principles. They display ethical knowledge which includes a sense of right and wrong, treating others with respect, being objective, patient and compassionate. Embodying ethical knowledge gives the teacher the ability to practice their teaching skills with morals and ethics and not just viewing their job as being teaching only (Campbell, 2006). † A teachers’ rationale to success may be based on the motto of Winston Churchill, â€Å"Mountaintops inspire leaders but valleys mature them† (Pockell and Avila, 2007 ). Teachers should give their students the freedom of choice and self-realization which will promote a sense of unity with the teachers and students. However, with regards to liberty, it should be limited to protect the ethics within the classroom. Ethics in the classroom should be valued to a high standard to maintain the organizational climate in the classroom. â€Å"Each pupil graduating from the elementary, secondary, or higher grades of education should receive personal advice and direction regarding further education or employment (Horne, 1970). † An excellent example of how teachers with high ethical values can impact student achievement is prevalent in a School System where elementary students where behind in their current grade level. The Elementary Alternative Education Program was established to help students become motivated to excel in their educational venue. The program was targeted at students that were two-three years behind in their current grade and was over-aged for their grade level. The teachers that committed to educate the students had a high level of moral and ethical responsibility to motivate their students and transform their students to become students of higher academic success learning. The table below depicts the improvement in academic of students from the 2007 – 2008 school year till the 2010-2011 school year. The data below indicates that the students enrolled in the program with the assistance of their teachers are now on the pathway on Graduation from high school. The students were deemed unreachable to teach due to their classroom behavior and other factors, but with the determination of their teachers they have increased their academic level. The National Bureau of Economic Research has indicated that â€Å"Good Teachers† raise Student Achievement. Although there is no silver bullet that guarantees that every student will be successful, now more than ever research provides guidance about the characteristics of effective schools and effective teachers that, if followed, can help maximize school and ultimately student performance† (Horne, 1970). According to Post, Preston, and Sachs, â€Å"The stakeholders in a corporation are the individuals and constituencies that contribute, either voluntarily or involuntarily, to its wealth-creating capacity and activities, and that are therefore its potential beneficiaries and/or risk bearers. In comparison with this model, teachers are the stakeholders that voluntarily work to improve the success of their students through motivation and determination. However, the primary impact of teachers whether they are successful in improving academic success or not is to educate the students. Every student has the ability to learn, however, they need a teacher that has a passion for teaching to educate the students. In regards to the Stakeholders Analysis, teacher has to identify the needs of their students and execute a plan to approach the problem for face-value. As teachers, it is important to understand that all students are different and they should utilize different methods to attempt to reach their students. The â€Å"big picture† that teachers normally use to motivate them to help their students is the graduation rate. The success of student cannot be done alone. Teachers have to reach out to the parents to unite as one to help the students since their common goal is the success of their students. Often times students are unfortunate to be enrolled in the classroom of a teacher that lacks integrity and the culture of the classroom is detrimental to the learning process. The culture of the classroom is set by the teachers and the students. If the overall organizational culture of the classroom is disorientated, then the students will be ineffective in performing their daily tasks. Teachers must be able to present their material, effectively manage their classrooms, facilitate maximum student involvement, and ultimately, enhance student learning. â€Å"The vision implementation of teachers affects the performance and many attitudes of many of their students. (Kirkpatrick and Locke, 1996). Teachers have to ensure the classroom climate is has a positive effect on the students and that the motivational factors are supportive in the overall success of the students. â€Å"As with many aspects of classroom management, the most important factor in creating a positive classroom environment is the teacher, and this is where the process must start. † The climate in the classroom is of course more than the physical classroom environment. It is a process that builds the psychological framework for all activity that happens in the classroom. The classroom climate is not just about motivation and student well-being, it is a major ingredient of the context for successful learning. Real learning cannot take place in a negative classroom climate. According to the Jones’ Issue Contingent Model, teachers that have negative impact on student achievement fail to utilize ethical reasoning while attempting to teach their students. The failure may arise from attempting to teach all the students in the same process with utilizing Differentiated Instruction to reach all students. If they would have used the Synthesis of Ethical Decision-Making Model, then they would have realized the different stages of Differentiated Instruction and had a positive impact on their students. Teachers that fail to differentiate their teaching is modeling immoral management, meaning they are they are displaying minimal ethical reasoning with the students. As teachers, they have the responsibility to educate the children as a moral obligation to the students, parents, and themselves. By failing to address the needs of the students, they are depicting low moral intensity. Moral intensity of the issue itself does have a significant role and could influence teachers in their ethical decision-making process as their attention to the issue are being directed by the embedded intensity level of the respective issues. â€Å"The primary goal of ethical reasoning is to help individuals act in morally responsible ways (Weiss, 125). † While natural rights are the basis for justice, rights cannot be realized nor does justice become operative without power. The interaction between one’s ethical philosophies can influence the ethical decisions that an individual can make. Teachers are liable to treat each student in their classroom with an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others, which in their case is their education. Teachers have the moral obligation to treat all students in the classroom equally. They have the right to receive an education and the teacher’s highest level of knowledge that may displayed to them. Teachers are faced with many trials and tribulations in the classroom, but they have the moral obligation to provide students with a environment conducive to learning. For students to achieve, it is the responsibility of teachers to provide a classroom culture that will increase a student’s motivational factors. Feedback, where positive or negative can promote student achievement. Teachers are viewed as teachers are more important than the subject courses they may teach, but are the educational leaders that have a significant impact on the lives of their students. Leadership is a reflection on modeled behavior that is learned. Students learn from the teachers and adapt themselves to their leadership demeanor. Leaders within an organization, have vast types of leadership styles. Teachers, however, are viewed as individuals with more personal ethics. Transformational leaders produce students that will be effective leaders and impeccable role models for their fellow peers. They have the ability to empower, coach, and lead their students to success. The theory of transformational leaders is based on the theory of James Burns. The type of leadership style is moral because it increases the humanities of students and their aspirations. True leadership, defined by its ethical core, is transforming for the leader and the follower alike. Transforming leadership transcends other forms of leadership because it is committed to doing the right things as opposed to doing things right (Anderson et al, 2006). Teachers assume the ethical responsibility to transform the culture of their students and are responsibility for the in adverse effects it may have on their students. â€Å"Transforming leadership also assumes that the transformation is mutual and reciprocal in which a follower can assume a leadership role and the leader a follower role. Teachers are more than classroom teachers; they are role models to their students. Students often mimic the behavior of their teachers because they admire their leadership style. Often times teachers that possess high integrity and ethical behavior are called â€Å"mean. † Teachers push their students to work harder than anticipated so they can excel in academic achievement. When students have to work harder than normal, they respect the morals that their teachers require them to uphold. Culture is another factor that is critical in transforming the culture of students. Conclusion: Leadership is a reflection on modeled behavior that is learned. Students learn from the teachers and adapt themselves to their leadership demeanor. The success of students not only start with the parents, but it is the teachers that the parents have entrusted with their children to teach them the skills they will need to become successful professionals once they leave the reins of their teachers. As with many aspects of classroom management, the most important factor in creating a positive classroom environment is the teacher. Real learning cannot take place in a negative classroom climate. The classroom must be conducive and inviting for parents, staff, and most of all children. The relationship between parents and teachers, like every other relationship, depends on trust. Above all, teachers must not compete with parents; what teachers have learned about their students is different from what parents know, primarily because they observe, interact with, and experience the students in group settings. While our observations and experiences are different, they are not necessarily more valid than hose of parents. Teachers, students, and parents are all key stakeholders within the educational organization. The ultimate goal for all stakeholders is to achieve a high school diploma and then proceed to their career goals. â€Å"Teaching is designed to result in action† (Schaefer, 1990). Teachers, student, and parents will â€Å"act† as a unit of one to maintain the culture of the classroom environment to motivate the students to excel at their highest academic level.

Distribution At American Airlines Essay

American Airlines is a major United States airline. It was formed in 1930 as a passenger airline and merged with different carriers since its formation. American Airlines’ operations grew rapidly after World War II. In 1921, American‘s corporate predecessor had only five small airplanes for transporting airmail. In 1946, American ordered 220 new planes. 1952 – American introduced the Magnetronic ― â€Å"Reservisor†, a mechanical console installed on each desk to help automate inventory control. The Reservisor offered major productivity improvements: A trial in the Boston reservations office served an additional 200 passengers daily, with 20 fewer reservations staff. American and IBM collaborated on the design of an improved inventory management system, ultimately called the Semi-Automated Business Reservations Environment (SABRE). IBM provided the hardware, while American and IBM jointly built the software. The initial investment was comparable to half a dozen Boeing 707 jet airplanes. Competitors make their own distribution system and later, certain circumstances open the industry to Global Distribution System allowing AA’s own system to be access by those customers of competitors. TIME CONTEXT In year 2006, when American Airlines faced the impending expiration of its three-year contract with its four then existing GDS. POINT OF VIEW Lead negotiator Charlie Sultan and co-lead negotiator Chris Degroot. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM American Airlines was unable to shoulder the fees set by GDS due to struggled with fuel prices and increased competition from new entrants. OBJECTIVES Must: To continue attending to customers’ requirements as well as preserving the relationship with travel agents. To maintain easiness in accessing American Airlines’ services through supporting their existing GDS. To overcome possible threats brought by the changing environment (fuel prices and new airline entrants). Wants: To become the leader company in airline industry. To obtain more profit intended for supporting the database services and other related activity. To preserve the trust given to them by their customers as well as their partner travel agencies. AREAS OF CONSIDERATION (SWOT ANALYSIS) Strengths One of the pioneer airlines to have an electronic distribution system (SABRE). Expertise in airline industry proven by their years of operation overcoming past challenges, Weaknesses Unable to maintain their existing GDS (Global Distribution System) when it comes to its expenses. Not able to anticipate future problems. Opportunities Since they already collaborated with IBM with their SABRE and obtained knowledge in software development, they may expand their business of having an integrated airline services and engage in developing software. Opportunities for growth in the industry. Threats The implementation of Source Premium policy may result to travel agencies’ switching to other airlines. Possible new entrants in the airline industry might be more technology-based and modern allowing American Airlines’ existing customers to consider switching services from them. ALTERNATIVE COURSE OF ACTION ACA#1 – Limiting American Airline GDS Involvement to One. This will enable AA to focus into one GDA only while taking actions into garnering solutions for acquiring funds in supporting the remaining GDS. For the meantime, while AA resolves the insufficiency, the company may not be able to sacrifice the  relationship with its travel agents. ACA#2 – Pushing the Idea of Source Premium Policy. Although the risk will be losing of referrals with travel agencies, the idea is still essential. It is letting the travel agency subscribing to AA shoulder the excess charges set by GDS. Travel agencies, anyway, may pass the charges to customers who is willing fully accept AA’s policy. ACA#3 – Partnerships with Existing and Well-Known Travel Agencies. This will strengthen the relationship between AA and travel agencies and create a mutual understanding. AA’s experience through the years could guarantee the travel agency a continuous growth of the industry. On th e other hand, the travel agency could put trust to AA and be able to work for AA’s continue offering of services. RECOMMENDATION The student recommends ACA#3 Partnerships with Existing and Well-Known Travel Agencies. ACTION PLAN In doing the recommended alternative course of action, the following actions should be fully implemented effectively. 1. Create a plan for the possible business structure that may arise. That may include blueprint on how will be a partnership being structured. 2. Make a draft of possible guidelines on both parties in partnerships. The conditions should include mutual benefit. 3. Seeking of trusted and well-known travel agencies and doing a background check on the prospects. 4. Conducting a meeting with the travel agencies that has been chosen. In a meeting, AA should effectively persuade the agency, stating the mutual benefit. 5. AA should allow the agency to revised or add on the guidelines in setting the conditions for he partnership. 6. Agreeing party should also consider the existing AA business policy. AA should also give a favorable condition to the agencies. 7. Executing the planned structure in the business with the official travel agency partners.

Machiavelli The prince Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Machiavelli The prince - Essay Example Although some scholars perceive his theories as real and well grounded, there is a lot of opposition to the kind of power that Machiavelli advocates for. In reality, Machiavelli, in his political theories, propounded a doctrine of evil, contrary to the expectation of the contemporary political democracy. Machiavelli claims that naturally political leaders are bound to offend those who they govern to gain power over them and be able to control them. He explicitly states that there is a natural and ordinary necessity that â€Å"†¦ one must always offend those over whom he becomes a prince†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to express his regard for the need of offense to exercise power over the citizens in a political sphere (8). Many critics have argued that these words of Machiavelli point out to a domineering kingship which ensures that the subjects of political systems are subdued to the worship of the king. In other words, the best king is one who is able to induce fear among his subjects to mak e them obedient and abiding to his leadership strategies. In the contemporary political systems, there is more criticism of autocratic leadership and use of force, torture or cruelty to suppress the opinions or ideas of the public. Democrats have advocated that leaders be more considerate of the public opinions to formulate a more integrative leadership and better governing principles. Reflecting on the words of Machiavelli, he is a proponent of evil leadership, a leadership that has no place in the modern political systems. Another reason why Machiavelli has been criticized as a preacher of evil is because of his advocacy for use of brute force rather than diplomacy in conquering enemies. He employs an analogical reference of the leadership of Moses and Cyrus who were both, in his opinion, armed with a force to drive their nations to success. Machiavelli provides that leaders have two options, either to beg to use force, yet he warns that â€Å"In the first case they always come t o ill and never accomplish anything†¦.† (23). Here, he suggests that leaders have to use force while handling their enemies otherwise they are doomed to fail. The evil that Machiavelli preaches here is that all nations rise against their enemies, engage their armed forces to conquer their enemies. Contemporarily, diplomacy is perceived to be a superior tool in initiating crisis management between rivalry countries. In modern political systems, the principles of Machiavelli seem to be completely inverted version of successful leadership. Today engagement of forces among rivalry countries is an in formidable evil that cannot be tolerated in the political spheres. From his theory, mercy, faith and love are sources of weaknesses of in political leaders and hatred, cruelty and exploitation are admirable in leadership. Machiavelli points out that the combat skills of a leader depend on their ability to use force and laws to maintain faith in the public domain. While recognizing that use of laws is more human and that use of forces is meant for animals, he proposes that both be engaged in political leadership. He commends that it is best to choose â€Å"†¦the fox and the lion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  because a prudent leaders should not show faith to the people (69). Critics have found a lot of evil in this statement that presumes that a

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 21

Case Study Example Taking more than two tasks makes one ineffective (Drucker 2). According to (Drucker 3), knowledge becomes useful after being translated into action. However, one has to write the course of action before taking the action. An action plan only states the intentions and not a commitment. This has to be revised often since every success or failure brings about new opportunities. In addition, there are other changes in the business setting which require revision of the plan. Action is also important, as it is the basis for one’s time management. One should make a decision, which is considered complete, if one has taken full responsibility of the decision. The name of the person executing it, the deadline, name of the individuals who will be affected by the action and the person who will be informed of the decision have to be clear, in order to ensure responsibility. Decisions are made in all levels of organisational management. Even in low levels, decisions are vital and should not be overlooked (Drucker 4). For one to be an effective leader, he should ensure that both their plans and their need for information are understood. Thus, they ought to share their plans and ask for the opinion of their co-workers. They should also let everybody get the information that they need to perform their duty (Drucker 5). Effective leaders centre on opportunities instead of issues. This is because problem-solving does not give a good outcome, whereas exploiting an opportunity yields better results. There are situations which a leader can take as opportunities. Some of these situations are unexpected failure or success; the difference between the reality and the potential in the market; transformation in an industry; market structure and innovation in a product, process, or service. Another vital element of focusing on opportunity is staffing. Effective executives place their best staff on opportunities instead of problems. One of the ways of doing this

Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Article Review - Essay Example The aim of this research was laid out as to understand how the participants for the project triumph over the perceived obstacles to their progress and what methodologies do they adopt for learning in their schools. While this tries to identify the reason behind how a few of the boys perform well and why they do not move to a better school once their talent is identified. The paper takes a qualitative approach. Two schools are taken as samples, which are considered best among the academically unacceptable schools. Eleven students, two teachers and two principals participated in the survey. The survey consisted of a questionnaire with ten open ended questions that would bring about qualitative reasoning to the fore. In this case of data collection, quantitative is certainly the best option and the author has selected the same for the purpose. The inferences drawn by the author during the course of interviews both audio and a form filling one, has been directed more at the target of the research. The methodology adopted and the nature of the questionnaire is the best suited for this purpose. Though, a quantitative methodology analysing the status of the students and the relative observations would have helped in providing large database.

Apfgan women's lives have not improved Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Apfgan women's lives have not improved - Essay Example first lady Laura Bush’s preposterous statement that â€Å"The fight against terrorism is also a fight for the rights and dignity of women† is juxtaposed with the revelation by Amnesty International that â€Å"forced marriage, particularly of girl children, and violence against women in the family are widespread in many areas of the country† (Rawi) even after two years have passed since the end of the Taliban regime. The introductory paragraph makes a very strong statement with the help of these two quotes that are contradictory in nature. The attempt by Rawi in the ensuing paragraphs to validate the latter quote is well substantiated with authentic factual and opinion based information gathered from various reliable sources. The diction is functional and appropriate for the clinical analysis of the issue. There is no recourse to careless use of words that betray baseless subjective opinions anywhere in the essay. Most of the essay reads like a fact-based journalistic report. However, the polemic aspects of the essay emerge through the objective observations and analyses. The writes states clearly that the American intervention in Afghan had been based merely on selfish motives, and has only promoted the mistreatment of women in various spheres of life. The arguments are systematically and chronologically categorized under apt subtitles. The economy of words and argumentative strategies make the essay a reader-friendly one, presenting facts and opinions in a swift and curt manner. The use of excerpts from an interview with an international NGO worker with regard to the deteriorating status of women in Afghanistan brings in an element of authenticity with the strength of first hand knowledge. Both the off icial records and day to day life experiences of women in Afghan are presented in a logical order that proves Rawi’s point. The effective use of unaffected language and crucial information regarding the general life standards in Afghan makes the essay an

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 28

Case Study - Essay Example The officials elected are there because of their relationship with the citizens; if they refuse to barter on behalf of those within their districts, then they are not upholding their moral responsibility to the people. It can even be argued that, as humans, we have a relationship with our environment and, therefore, a duty to uphold and protect it from harm. As the government tries to safeguard the environment it must also put to consideration the economic and financial gain they receive from Nestle Company through taxes and also providing employment to the citizens at much higher salary rates than any other company in the state. The bottled water market is worth â€Å"$6 billion in annual sales† (Barry & Shaw, 2014, p. 131), with monetary gain assured for Nestlà © if they triple their output. The company is also supplying water to the majority of the citizens in Michigan State with clean drinking water, the product they never used to have before it was launched. The company, however, has several negative impacts on the environment and entire ecosystem of Michigan State by increasing its pumping rate from 130 gallons per minute to 400 gallons per minute. Over a continuous period, the number of fish in the water body will decrease drastically due to water shortage and hence fishing will also be edged out of the economy of the state. Ideas relevant in this debate would be environmental justice and equity for the people in Michigan communities. If water rapidly disappears, it also becomes an issue of efficiency with the renewability of supplies becoming in question. Nestlà © has to deal with customer satisfaction, but also the satisfaction of their state business partners. It should work on modalities of moderating their production in manner that they will serve the customers to satisfaction and generate enough profit while at the same time conserving the environment not to infringe on other people’s right to use the water